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The mean age was 27 ± 4 years (24–35 years). It was a randomized, open-label, crossover study of 10 healthy male subjects. The present interaction study was conducted in the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. biloba with clopidogrel and cilostazol, after single-dose administration.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacodynamic interactions of G. biloba, cilostazol and clopidogrel in patients with PAD may potentiate the antiplatelet activity and cause prolongation of bleeding time, thus increasing the risk of haemorrhage. biloba, there is a possibility that concurrent use of G. In view of the known antiplatelet activity of G. Both these agents are known to cause prolongation of bleeding time and cause haemorrhage. The antiplatelet drug clopidogrel and the newer phosphodiesterase inhibitor, cilostazol, have been recently introduced for management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). It is used mainly in the management of intermittent claudication and other vascular disorders to improve circulation. Ginkgo biloba is commonly used and one of the seven top-selling herbal medicines. Despite the widespread use of herbal medicines, documented herb–drug interactions are sparse. In order to tackle this problem and provide a better healthcare service to such patients, practitioners should have knowledge of at least commonly occurring or anticipated interactions between herbal supplements and conventional drugs. It is therefore likely that healthcare professionals will encounter patients who use herbal supplements and who may seek help concerning herb–drug interactions. It has been documented that as many as 31% of patients use herbal supplements concurrently with the prescribed conventional drugs and 70% of them do not report the use of these products to their healthcare providers. Most studies reveal that heavy metals, particularly lead, have been a regular constituent of Indian remedies, thus causing serious harm to patients taking such remedies.Ĭoncern has recently been expressed regarding the safety of these products, in particular the potential interaction of these drugs with conventional drugs. However, herbal products are not as safe as they are believed to be. Several factors contribute to the increased use of herbal products: (i) easy accessibility, (ii) the perception that herbs are safe, (iii) the desire for self-medication, (iv) they are less costly, and (v) most of all, enactment in 1994 of the DSHEA, which broadly defined herbal products as nutritional supplements. These products are available to consumers as over-the-counter items in various forms of preparations and doses. In the USA their regulation by the Food and Drug Administration is restricted as a result of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) passed by the US Congress in 1994. These are not regulated by governments with the same scrutiny as conventional drugs. Herbal medicines fall into the category of alternative/complementary medicines. The use of herbal supplements has become increasingly popular in recent years.
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